Marine solutions

Single phasing is said to be occur when one of the phase is broken in a three phase line. This will cause no current passing through one of the line and 2.4 times more current in other two lines for normal load. Cause       One of the fuse may blown off.      Line wore broken.      Relay contacts damaged. Effects       High current passing through other two lines which will gradually damage them.        Due to single phasing uneven torque will be produced which will result in vibration of motor.         It is impossible to start a motor wiit single phasing.         Motor speed may get reduced.         Motor winding will melt due to overheat.   Protection           Overload relay        Thermostats which will indicate an alarm by temperature change due to single phasing.   ...

The stress on the liner is proportional to the gas pressure inside the cylinder liner, as the piston moves downwards the gas pressure reduces . Thus the liner is thicker at top to withstand high stress due to high gas pressure and thickness is gradually reduced at bottom where the gas pressure is relatively low.

Bilge keel is a longitudinal structure that runs along much length of the ship down to lower side of ships hull which reduces rolling of the ship to a greater extent. The major use of bilge keel is to          Reduce rolling motion of the ship.          Increase structural strength of the ship.          Prevent bilges while grounding.