Transformer working principle

A transformer can be defined as a static device which helps in the transformation of electric power in one circuit to electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. The voltage can be raised or lowered in a circuit, but with a proportional increase or decrease in the current ratings. In this article we will be learning about Transformer basics and working principle

The main principle of operation of a transformer is mutual inductance between two circuits which is linked by a common magnetic flux. A basic transformer consists of two coils that are electrically separate and inductive, but are magnetically linked through a path of reluctance. The working principle of the transformer can be understood from the 

Definition:Transformer is a static device which convert electrical power from one circuit to another without changing its frequency. it Step up (or Step down) the level of AC Voltage and Current.

Working principle: it works on the principle of mutual induction of two coils or Faraday Law’s Of Electromagnetic induction. When current in the primary coil is changed the flux linked to the secondary coil also changes.hence an EMF is induced in the secondary coil due to Faraday law’s of electromagnetic induction.

The transformer is based on two principles: first, that an electric current can produce a magnetic field (electromagnetism), and, second that a changing magnetic field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the coil . Changing the current in the primary coil changes the magnetic flux that is developed. The changing magnetic flux induces a voltage in the secondary coil

Transformer is a Static Electrical Induction Machine which converts Electrical Energy into Magnetic Energy and again into Electrical Energy. Transformer is used to transfer electric power from one circuit to another circuit by Stepping Up or Stepping Down the AC Voltage level without changing the supply frequency. Transformers work only on AC Supply. Transformer consists of two windings named Primary winding and Secondary winding. The winding which is excited with AC supply is called Primary winding and the other winding from which we take output AC is called Secondary winding. These two windings are electrically isolated and magnetically coupled to each other. Transformer works on the principle named “MUTUAL INDUCTION”. The number of turns of Primary winding[Np] is greater than number of turns of Secondary winding[Ns] then it is call STEP DOWN Transformer like wise the number of turns of Secondary winding[Ns] is greater than the number of turns of Primary winding[Np] then it is called STEP UP Transformer. Transformers also used for measurement and protection purpose like CT[Current Transformer] and PT[Potential Transformer].